ICT-based solution for efficient fecal sludge management: An experience from Bangladesh

Md Jakariya; Turasa Nahla; Silvia Ahmed; Taoseef Ishtiak; Md Tahmidul Islam; Md Sajadul Alam; Ahmed Ali; Md Sharif Uddin Ruman; Saman Saad; Prosun Bhattacharya; Tom Van der Voorn; Md Aminul Islam; Md Shakhawat Hossain; Kazi Al Amin; Sumon Kumar Saha; Imamur Rahman; Hossain I Adib; Lamia Mahzabin; Mohammed Fahim Murshed; Ragib Ahmed; Hasin Jahan; Marufa Ferdausi; Damià Barceló; Christian Sonne

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15200

ICT-based solution for efficient fecal sludge management: An experience from Bangladesh

Heliyon. 2023 Apr 7;9(4):e15200. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15200. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Md Jakariya¹, Turasa Nahla¹, Silvia Ahmed², Taoseef Ishtiak², Md Tahmidul Islam³, Md Sajadul Alam¹, Ahmed Ali¹, Md Sharif Uddin Ruman², Saman Saad¹, Prosun Bhattacharya⁴, Tom Van der Voorn⁵, Md Aminul Islam⁶, Md Shakhawat Hossain³, Kazi Al Amin³, Sumon Kumar Saha³, Imamur Rahman³, Hossain I Adib³, Lamia Mahzabin¹, Mohammed Fahim Murshed⁷, Ragib Ahmed¹, Hasin Jahan³, Marufa Ferdausi², Damià Barceló⁸, Christian Sonne⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bangladesh.
² Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Bangladesh.
³ WaterAid Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵ University of Osnabrück, Institute of Environmental Systems Research, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany.
⁶ Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.
⁷ Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁸ Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Jordi Giron 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ Aarhus University Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.

Abstract

In Bangladesh, people primarily depend on on-site sanitation facilities (OSSF) with an immense challenge in achieving safe sanitation due to unplanned infrastructure development, improper management of fecal sludge, and inadequate monitoring. The commitment of attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6.2 (ensuring safe sanitation for all) by 2030 requires immediate attention in the management of fecal sludge for low-middle income countries. This paper presented the findings, challenges, and possible ways forward from a study conducted to provide data for Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based fecal sludge management (FSM) at a municipality in the northwest of Bangladesh. A total of 18,808 households and 407 institutions in Saidpur municipality, a non-sewered town in Nilphamari district, were studied to understand the type of containment structures and on-ground desludging practices. The study showed around 10% of containments were connected to the drains illegally, 95% of the people in Saidpur practiced unsafe disposal, and 7% still practiced open defecation. To identify these malpractices, the study also implemented an ICT-based sustainable solution through a web application that enabled the local administrator to have a global look at the sanitation scenario of the municipality. The dashboard was developed to create a total sanitation monitoring system, identify defaulters, allow target-based safe managed sanitation service strategies, and ensure sustainability in FSM. The study highlighted the accessibility of vacuum truck services projecting through a spatial map and identified methods to empty the septic tanks where Vacutag services are unavailable by engaging local pit emptiers. The innovative approach of fecal sludge management will help not only to improve the existing sanitation practices but also raise community awareness to ensure sustainable sanitation system. Altogether, the web system will work as a medium to manage the faecal sludge for the existing co-compost plant where the faeces is converted into organic soil conditioner, creating prospects for a green business mechanism.

Keywords: Dashboard; On-site sanitation; Organic compost; Safe sanitation; Sustainable development goal; Web application.