Quinolines and isoquinolines as HIV-1 inhibitors: Chemical structures, action targets, and biological activities

Bioorg Chem. 2023 Jul:136:106549. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106549. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), poses a serious threat to global public health. Since the advent of the first drug zidovudine, a number of anti-HIV agents acting on different targets have been approved to combat HIV/AIDS. Among the abundant heterocyclic families, quinoline and isoquinoline moieties are recognized as promising scaffolds for HIV inhibition. This review intends to highlight the advances in diverse chemical structures and abundant biological activity of quinolines and isoquinolines as anti-HIV agents acting on different targets, which aims to provide useful references and inspirations to design and develop novel HIV inhibitors for medicinal chemists.

Keywords: AIDS; Anti-HIV agent; HIV-1 inhibitors; Isoquinolines; Quinolines.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* / drug therapy
  • Anti-HIV Agents* / pharmacology
  • Anti-HIV Agents* / therapeutic use
  • HIV Protease Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • HIV Protease Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • HIV-1*
  • Humans
  • Isoquinolines / pharmacology
  • Quinolines* / pharmacology
  • Quinolines* / therapeutic use
  • Saquinavir / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Saquinavir
  • HIV Protease Inhibitors
  • Quinolines
  • Isoquinolines
  • Anti-HIV Agents