Pollution trends and ecological risks of heavy metal(loid)s in coastal zones of Bangladesh: A chemometric review

Jannatun Nahar Jannat; Md Yousuf Mia; Most Mastura Munia Farjana Jion; Md Saiful Islam; Mir Mohammad Ali; Md Abu Bakar Siddique; Md Refat Jahan Rakib; Sobhy M Ibrahim; Subodh Chandra Pal; Romulus Costache; Guilherme Malafaia; Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114960

Pollution trends and ecological risks of heavy metal(loid)s in coastal zones of Bangladesh: A chemometric review

Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 Jun:191:114960. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114960. Epub 2023 Apr 27.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh.
² Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
⁴ Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
⁵ Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
⁶ Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India.
⁸ Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 5, Turnului Str, 500152 Brasov, Romania; Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development,165 Babadag Street, 820112 Tulcea, Romania. Electronic address: romulus.costache@icub.unibuc.ro.
⁹ Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
¹⁰ Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh. Electronic address: towfiq_dm@brur.ac.bd.

PMID: 37119588
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114960

Abstract

Heavy metal(loid)s inputs contribute to human and environmental stresses in the coastal zones of Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted on metal(loid)s pollution in sediment, soil, and water in the coastal zones. However, they are sporadic, and no attempt has been made in coastal zones from the standpoint of chemometric review. The current work aims to provide a chemometric assessment of the pollution trend of metal(loid)s, namely arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) in sediments, soils, and water across the coastal zones from 2015 to 2022. The findings showed that 45.7, 15.2, and 39.1 % of studies on heavy metal(loid)s were concentrated in the eastern, central, and western zones of coastal Bangladesh. The obtained data were further modeled using chemometric approaches, such as the contamination factor, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, degree of contamination, Nemerow's pollution index, and ecological risk index. The results revealed that metal(loid)s, primarily Cd, have severely polluted the sediments (contamination factor, CF = 5.20) and soils (CF = 9.35) of coastal regions. Water was moderately polluted (Nemerow's pollution index, P_N=5.22 ± 6.26) in the coastal area. The eastern zone was the most polluted compared to other zones, except for a few observations in the central zone. The overall ecological risks posed by metal(loid)s highlighted the significant ecological risk in sediments (ecological risk index, RI = 123.50) and soils (RI = 238.93) along the eastern coast. The coastal zone may have higher pollution levels due to the proximity of industrial effluent, residential sewage discharge, agricultural activities, sea transport, metallurgical industries, shipbreaking and recycling operations, and seaport activities, which are the major sources of metal(loid)s. This study will provide useful information to the relevant authorities and serve as the foundation for future management and policy decisions to reduce metal(loid) pollution in the coastal zones of southern Bangladesh.

Keywords: Chemometric; Ecological risk; Heavy metal(loid)s; Multi-environmental compartments; Pollution level; Sediment; Soil; Water.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Bangladesh
Cadmium
Chemometrics
China
Environmental Monitoring
Humans
Metals, Heavy* / analysis
Risk Assessment
Soil
Soil Pollutants* / analysis
Water

Substances

Cadmium
Metals, Heavy
Soil Pollutants
Soil
Water