Aim: Pressure injuries are a significant health care problem worldwide, and many factors influence their occurrence and development. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the role of nutritional status in the development rate of pressure injuries as a potentially modifiable risk factor.
Methods: Study designs included cohort (prospective and retrospective), case-control, and RCTs if the association between nutrition status and pressure injuries was reported. Databases searched included: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on April 20th, 2022. The data were analyzed using OR and random effect model in Revman5.3 and STATA 15 Software. Report this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA 2020 statement.
Results: A total of 22 separate studies were retained in this systematic review. Of these, 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies were assessed as low risk and sixteen as a moderate risk of bias. All RCTs were B quality. The odds ratio of the incidence of pressure injuries in malnourished and non-malnourished patients was 3.66(95% CI: 2.77-4.83). In the three RCTs studies(n = 870), the odds ratio of the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with standard nutrition to those with specific nutritional interventions was 1.35(95%CI:1.02-1.78).
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that nutritional status is significantly associated with pressure injuries. Malnutrition can increase the incidence of pressure injuries, and specific nutritional interventions can reduce the incidence of pressure injuries compared to standard nutrition.
Keywords: Incidence; Malnutrition; Meta-analysis; Nutrition status; Predictor; Pressure injuries.
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.