Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Tests for Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis in Young Age Population

Abstract

Background & aims: Most noninvasive tests (NITs) for hepatic fibrosis are designed for middle-aged patients with chronic liver disease. We compared the diagnostic performance of major NITs (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index [APRI], Fibrosis-4 index, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score) for a community-based cohort.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 8775 participants who underwent magnetic resonance elastography at community health check-up centers. Advanced hepatic fibrosis (≥F3) was defined by magnetic resonance elastography thresholds of 3.6 kPa. The diagnostic performance of 3 NITs was evaluated according to the etiology of liver disease, sex, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and increased aminotransferase levels in 4 age groups.

Results: The APRI generally showed the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in patients aged 45 years or younger, and it was statistically significant in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic fatty liver disease (P < .043). The best APRI cut-off value for detecting advanced hepatic fibrosis was 0.4, with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.8% and 73.5%, respectively, in the community-based cohort. The APRI showed balanced sensitivity and specificity across all age groups, whereas the other metrics showed low sensitivity in those aged <45 and low specificity in those >65 years.

Conclusions: The APRI showed better sensitivity and negative predictive value than the Fibrosis-4 index and the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in community-based populations with mixed etiology, and, thus, can be performed as the primary test in young adults (age, ≤45 y).

Keywords: Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis; Aspartate Aminotransferase–to-Platelet Ratio Index; Hepatic Fibrosis; Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Noninvasive Test.