Biogenic Synthesis of Multifunctional Silver Oxide Nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) Using Parieteria alsinaefolia Delile Aqueous Extract and Assessment of Their Diverse Biological Applications

Zakir Ullah; Farhat Gul; Javed Iqbal; Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi; Sobia Kanwal; Wadie Chalgham; Mohamed A El-Sheikh; Sibel Emir Diltemiz; Tariq Mahmood

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11041069

Biogenic Synthesis of Multifunctional Silver Oxide Nanoparticles (Ag₂ONPs) Using Parieteria alsinaefolia Delile Aqueous Extract and Assessment of Their Diverse Biological Applications

Microorganisms. 2023 Apr 20;11(4):1069. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11041069.

Authors

Zakir Ullah¹, Farhat Gul¹, Javed Iqbal², Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi³, Sobia Kanwal⁴, Wadie Chalgham⁵, Mohamed A El-Sheikh⁶, Sibel Emir Diltemiz⁷, Tariq Mahmood¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
² Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan.
³ Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁶ Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey.

Abstract

Green nanotechnology has made the synthesis of nanoparticles a possible approach. Nanotechnology has a significant impact on several scientific domains and has diverse applications in different commercial areas. The current study aimed to develop a novel and green approach for the biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag₂ONPs) utilizing Parieteria alsinaefolia leaves extract as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The change in color of the reaction mixture from light brown to reddish black determines the synthesis of Ag₂ONPs. Further, different techniques were used to confirm the synthesis of Ag₂ONPs, including UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The Scherrer equation determined a mean crystallite size of ~22.23 nm for Ag₂ONPs. Additionally, different in vitro biological activities have been investigated and determined significant therapeutic potentials. Radical scavenging DPPH assay (79.4%), reducing power assay (62.68 ± 1.77%) and total antioxidant capacity (87.5 ± 4.8%) were evaluated to assess the antioxidative potential of Ag₂ONPs. The disc diffusion method was adopted to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of Ag₂ONPs using different concentrations (125-1000 μg/mL). Moreover, the brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was investigated and the LC₅₀ value was calculated as 2.21 μg/mL. The biocompatibility assay using red blood cells (<200 μg/mL) confirmed the biosafe and biocompatible nature of Ag₂ONPs. Alpha-amylase inhibition assay was performed and reported 66% inhibition. In conclusion, currently synthesized Ag₂ONPs have exhibited strong biological potential and proved as an attractive eco-friendly candidate. In the future, this preliminary research work will be a helpful source and will open new avenues in diverse fields, including the pharmaceutical, biomedical and pharmacological sectors.

Keywords: Ag; DLS; P. alsinaefolia; SEM; XRD; biocompatibility; cytotoxic; zeta.

Grants and funding

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2023R182) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.