Measurement of Forces for Trans-Endocytosis at Dorsal and Ventral Sides of the Cell

Seungman Park; Yun Chen

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_21

Measurement of Forces for Trans-Endocytosis at Dorsal and Ventral Sides of the Cell

Methods Mol Biol. 2023:2654:327-343. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_21.

Authors

Seungman Park^{1

2

3}, Yun Chen^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
² Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. yun.chen@jhu.edu.
⁵ Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. yun.chen@jhu.edu.
⁶ Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. yun.chen@jhu.edu.

Abstract

Trans-endocytosis is a force dependent process during which surface molecules expressed on one cell but bound to their receptors on another cell are displaced and internalized by the cell expressing the receptors. The efficiency of trans-endocytosis is associated with the capacity of force generation of the cell. Here we present three different methods to measure the forces generated during trans-endocytosis using tension gauge tether (TGT), micropillar arrays, and microfluidic devices. The TGT method detects forces generated at the single-molecule (nm) scale and the other two methods detect forces with the resolution at the micron scale. Trans-endocytic forces transmitted via the receptors at dorsal side of the cell can be determined using the TGT and the microfluidic-based methods, while forces transmitted at the ventral side can be determined using the micropillar-based method.

Keywords: Force measurement; Microfluidics; Micropillar arrays; Tension gauge tether; Trans-endocytosis.

MeSH terms

Endocytosis*
Mechanical Phenomena*

Grants and funding

K25 AG070286/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States