Association between hypertension and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation among the population in a high-risk area for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Hypertension may increase the infection risk of multiple viruses. The evidence for the association between hypertension and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is still largely lacking.

Methods: The study was based on the baseline information of a population-based prospective cohort from high-risk areas of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Using two EBV reactivation classification criteria, we explored the relationship between hypertension and EBV reactivation through logistic regression models.

Results: We included a total of 12,159 subjects. Among them, 3,945 (32.45%) were EBV arbitrary seropositive, and 1,547 (12.72%) were EBV comprehensive seropositive. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of EBV reactivation, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.17 (95% CI = 1.08-1.27) for EBV arbitrary seropositive subjects and 1.16 (95% CI = 1.03-1.30) for EBV comprehensive seropositive subjects. Two types of antihypertensive drugs were associated with decreased risk of EBV reactivation: β-adrenergic receptor-blocking agents (β-blockers) (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.42-0.61 for EBV arbitrary seropositive subjects; OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47-0.81 for EBV comprehensive seropositive subjects) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.88 for EBV arbitrary seropositive subjects; OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.32-0.98 for EBV comprehensive seropositive subjects).

Conclusions: Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of EBV reactivation in high-incidence areas of NPC. β-blockers and ACEIs reduce this risk, and thus might be used for NPC prevention in endemic areas.

Keywords: EBV reactivation; Epstein-Barr virus; Hypertension; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; serology.