Non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessment of exposure of kitchen workers in restaurants and local residents in the vicinity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Narges Shamsedini; Mansooreh Dehghani; Mohammad Reza Samaei; Majid Nozari; Shayan Bahrany; Zeynab Tabatabaei; Aboolfazl Azhdarpoor; Mohammad Hoseini; Mohammad Fararoei; Sareh Roosta

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33193-0

Non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessment of exposure of kitchen workers in restaurants and local residents in the vicinity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 24;13(1):6649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33193-0.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
² Fars Water and Wastewater Company, Shiraz, Iran.
³ Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. mandehghani@yahoo.com.
⁴ Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
⁶ Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH_s) are often formed when organic substances do not burn completely. This study evaluates the non-carcinogenic and cumulative risks associated with PAH_s levels by testing blood and urine samples in kitchen workers and residents near restaurants in Shiraz, Iran. Metabolites of PAH in the urine samples as well as clinical parameters in the blood samples were measured. The non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessments from exposure of the study groups to PAH metabolites were also evaluated. The highest average concentrations of PAH metabolites were related to kitchen workers (2126.7 ng/g creatinine (ng/g cr)). The metabolites of 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 9-Phenanthrene (9-OHPhe) had the highest and lowest mean concentrations, respectively. A direct correlation was observed between the levels of PAH metabolites with malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidation capacity (TAC) levels (p < 0.05). Hazard Index (HI_i) was obtained less than one (HI_i < 1), indicating low-risk negative health impacts on the target groups. Nevertheless, conducting more studies to determine the health status of these people is quite evident.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants, Occupational* / analysis
Biomarkers / urine
Environmental Monitoring
Humans
Occupational Exposure* / analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / analysis
Restaurants
Risk Assessment

Substances

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Biomarkers