Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrochemical sensors for the efficient detection of pharmaceutical residues

Brij Mohan; Ritu Kumari; Virender; Gurjaspreet Singh; Kamal Singh; Armando J L Pombeiro; Xuemei Yang; Peng Ren

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107928

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrochemical sensors for the efficient detection of pharmaceutical residues

Environ Int. 2023 May:175:107928. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107928. Epub 2023 Apr 11.

Authors

Brij Mohan¹, Ritu Kumari², Virender², Gurjaspreet Singh³, Kamal Singh⁴, Armando J L Pombeiro⁵, Xuemei Yang⁶, Peng Ren⁷

Affiliations

¹ School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
² Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra -136119, India.
³ Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
⁴ Department of Physics, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana-127021, India.
⁵ Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
⁶ School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: yangxuemei@hit.edu.cn.
⁷ School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: renpeng@hit.edu.cn.

PMID: 37094512
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107928

Abstract

Pharmaceutical residues are the undecomposed remains from drugs used in the medical and food industries. Due to their potential adverse effects on human health and natural ecosystems, they are of increasing worldwide concern. The acute detection of pharmaceutical residues can give a rapid examination of their quantity and then prevent them from further contamination. Herein, this study summarizes and discusses the most recent porous covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the electrochemical detection of various pharmaceutical residues. The review first introduces a brief overview of drug toxicity and its effects on living organisms. Subsequently, different porous materials and drug detection techniques are discussed with materials' properties and applications. Then the development of COFs and MOFs has been addressed with their structural properties and sensing applications. Further, the stability, reusability, and sustainability of MOFs/COFs are reviewed and discussed. Besides, COFs and MOFs' detection limits, linear ranges, the role of functionalities, and immobilized nanoparticles are analyzed and discussed. Lastly, this review summarized and discussed the MOF@COF composite as sensors, the fabrication strategies to enhance detection potential, and the current challenges in this area.

Keywords: COFs; Detection; Drugs; MOFs; Pharmaceutical residues.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions*
Ecosystem
Humans
Metal-Organic Frameworks*
Nanoparticles*
Pharmaceutical Preparations

Substances

Metal-Organic Frameworks
Pharmaceutical Preparations