The size of particles determines the adsorption reaction. In this study, three different particle sizes of biochar (0.25-1 mm, 0.075-0.25 mm, <0.075 mm) were produced from rapeseed straw (SBC) and chicken manure (MBC). The biochar was mixed with high phosphorus (P) soil and low P soil and then incubated for 30 days. We conducted isothermal P sorption and desorption experiments to evaluate the effects of biochar particle size on sorption-desorption characteristics of soil P, and analyzed soil properties associated with P sorption. The results showed that P sorption capacity of SBC and MBC in the water system was highest for the smallest particle size (<0.075 mm) (SBC: 43125 mg·kg-1, MBC: 20083 mg·kg-1), followed by the intermediate particle size (0.075-0.25 mm) (SBC: 37376 mg·kg-1, MBC: 13199 mg·kg-1) and the largest particle size (0.25-1 mm) (SBC: 27749 mg·kg-1, MBC: 12251 mg·kg-1). However, there was little difference in soil P sorption between the three particle sizes of the same biochar in the soil system. In comparison with no biochar treatment, the addition of SBC increased the Langmuir P sorption maximum (Smax) by 236.8%-755.7%, and decreased soil P desorption rate. The addition of MBC increased Smax, but the enhancement was less than that of SBC. Soil P desorption rate was increased by 7.2%-295.9%. Both SBC and MBC significantly increased the contents of soil total P, available P, and exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The increases in Ca and Mg contents due to biochar addition was 64.0%-257.1% (SBC) and 39.1%-205.3% (MBC), respectively. The contents of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg were positively correlated with Smax. These results suggested that biochar particle size had little effect on soil P sorption, but the enrichment of Ca and Mg due to biochar addition played a critical role in regulating soil P sorption. The rapeseed straw biochar had a high adsorption capacity for soil P, making it suitable for improving the P fixation capacity of soil rich in P and reducing the loss of excess P. Chicken manure biochar could be used to improve the P availability of low P soils and increase the contents of available P.
粒径是影响物质吸附性能的一个重要因素。本研究以不同粒径(0.25～1 mm、0.075～0.25 mm、<0.075 mm)油菜秸秆生物炭(SBC)和鸡粪生物炭(MBC)分别与两种土壤(高磷土、低磷土)混合进行室内培养30 d,通过土壤磷等温吸附试验与解吸试验,结合土壤磷吸附相关性质,评价不同粒径生物炭对土壤磷吸附-解吸特性的影响。结果表明: 在水体系中,3个粒径的SBC与MBC对磷的吸附能力大小均表现为<0.075 mm(43125、20083 mg·kg-1)>0.075～0.25 mm(37376、13199 mg·kg-1)>0.25～1 mm(27749、12251 mg·kg-1);在土壤体系中,同一种生物炭的3个粒径间土壤磷吸附量差异较小。与无生物炭处理相比,添加SBC提高了土壤对磷的最大吸附量(Smax),增幅为236.8%～755.7%,并降低了土壤磷解吸率;添加MBC的Smax增幅较SBC低,但提高了土壤磷解吸率(增幅为7.2%～295.9%)。两种生物炭处理均显著增加了土壤总磷、速效磷和交换性钙、镁含量,其中SBC处理交换性钙、镁含量增幅为64.0%～257.1%,MBC处理增幅为39.1%～205.3%,且土壤交换性钙、镁含量与Smax呈极显著正相关。综上,生物炭粒径对土壤磷吸附性能的影响较小,提高土壤对磷吸附性能的关键因素是生物炭施入后带入的钙、镁;油菜秸秆生物炭对土壤磷吸附能力强,适用于提高富磷土壤对磷的固持能力,减少盈余磷素的流失;而鸡粪生物炭更适于改善低磷水平土壤,提高有效磷含量。.
Keywords: Langmuir equation; biochar; desorption; particle size; soil phosphorus; sorption.