Aim: To describe the clinical outcomes for a group of complex regional pain syndrome patients using infrared thermography as an intraprocedural support tool when undertaking fluoroscopy-guided lumbar sympathetic blocks.
Subjects: 27 patients with lower limb complex regional pain syndrome accompanied by severe pain and persistent functional impairment.
Methods: A series of three fluoroscopic-guided lumbar sympathetic blocks with local anesthetic and corticoids using infrared thermography as an intraprocedural support tool were performed. Clinical variables were collected at baseline, prior to each block, and one, three, and six months after blocks in a standardized checklist assessing each of the clinical categories of complex regional pain syndrome stipulated in the Budapest criteria.
Results: 23.75% of the blocks required more than one chance to achieve the desired thermal pattern and therefore to be considered as successful. A decrease in pain measured on a visual analogic scale was observed at all time points compared to pre-blockade data, but only 37% of the cases were categorized as responders, representing a ≥ 30% decrease in VAS, with the disappearance of pain at rest. An improvement of most of the clinical variables recorded was observed, such as tingling, edema, perception of thermal asymmetry, difference in coloring and sweating. There was a significant decrease of neuropathic pain and improvement of functional limitation. Logistic regression analysis showed the main variable to explain the probability of being a responder was immobilization time (odds ratio of 0.89).
Conclusion: A series of fluoroscopy-guided lumbar sympathetic blocks controlled by infrared thermography in the treatment of lower limb CRPS showed a responder rate of 37%.
Keywords: Budapest criteria; complex regional pain syndrome; foot; pain; skin temperature; thermal image.
© 2023 The Authors. Pain Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of World Institute of Pain.