Neural and molecular investigation into the paraventricular thalamic-nucleus accumbens circuit for pain sensation and non-opioid analgesia

Pharmacol Res. 2023 May:191:106776. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106776. Epub 2023 Apr 19.

Abstract

The paucity of medications with novel mechanisms for pain treatment combined with the severe adverse effects of opioid analgesics has led to an imperative pursuit of non-opioid analgesia and a better understanding of pain mechanisms. Here, we identify the putative glutamatergic inputs from the paraventricular thalamic nucleus to the nucleus accumbens (PVTGlut→NAc) as a novel neural circuit for pain sensation and non-opioid analgesia. Our in vivo fiber photometry and in vitro electrophysiology experiments found that PVTGlut→NAc neuronal activity increased in response to acute thermal/mechanical stimuli and persistent inflammatory pain. Direct optogenetic activation of these neurons in the PVT or their terminals in the NAc induced pain-like behaviors. Conversely, inhibition of PVTGlut→NAc neurons or their NAc terminals exhibited a potent analgesic effect in both naïve and pathological pain mice, which could not be prevented by pretreatment of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. Anterograde trans-synaptic optogenetic experiments consistently demonstrated that the PVTGlut→NAc circuit bi-directionally modulates pain behaviors. Furthermore, circuit-specific molecular profiling and pharmacological studies revealed dopamine receptor 3 as a candidate target for pain modulation and non-opioid analgesic development. Taken together, these findings provide a previously unknown neural circuit for pain sensation and non-opioid analgesia and a valuable molecular target for developing future safer medication.

Keywords: Acetamide (PubChem CID:178); CGS21680 (PubChem CID: 3086599); L-371257 (PubChem CID: 6918320); LIT-001 (PubChem CID: 145711713); Luzindole (PubChem CID: 122162); NGB2904 (PubChem CID: 19366304); Non-opioid analgesia; Nucleus accumbens; Pain; Paraventricular thalamic nucleus; Pramipexole (PubChem CID: 119570); SCH58261 (PubChem CID: 176408).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analgesia*
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic*
  • Animals
  • Mice
  • Midline Thalamic Nuclei
  • Nucleus Accumbens / physiology
  • Pain / drug therapy

Substances

  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic