Avocado seed by-product uses in emulsion-type ingredients with nutraceutical value: Stability, cytotoxicity, nutraceutical properties, and assessment of in vitro oral-gastric digestion

Food Chem. 2023 Sep 30:421:136118. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136118. Epub 2023 Apr 15.

Abstract

The avocado industry obtains 20-30% of the total by-products (peels and seeds). However, byproducts can be uses as sources of economic nutraceutical ingredients with functional potential. This work developed emulsion-type ingredients from avocado seed to evaluate its quality, stability, cytotoxicity, and nutraceutical properties before/after in vitro oral-gastric digestion. Ultrasound lipid extraction achieved an extraction yield of up to 95.75% compared with Soxhlet conventional extraction (p > 0.05). Six ingredients' formulations (E1-E6) were stable for up to day 20 during storage, preserving their antioxidant capacity and displaying low in vitro oxidation compared to control. None of the emulsion-type ingredients were considered cytotoxic according to the shrimp lethality assay (LC50 > 1000 µg/mL). Ingredients E2, E3, and E4 generated low lipoperoxides' concentrations and high antioxidant capacity during the oral-gastric stage. The 25 min-gastric phase showed the highest antioxidant capacity and low lipoperoxidation. Results suggested avocado seed-derived could be used to develop functional ingredients with nutraceutical properties.

Keywords: Avocado by-products; Brine shrimp; Colloidal system; Compounds phenolics; Fatty acid; Oral-gastric digestion.

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Biological Products*
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Digestion
  • Emulsions
  • Persea*
  • Pharmaceutical Vehicles
  • Seeds

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Emulsions
  • Pharmaceutical Vehicles
  • Biological Products