A large-cohort study of 2971 cases of epulis: focusing on risk factors associated with recurrence

Na Zhao; Yelidana Yesibulati; Pareyida Xiayizhati; Yi-Ning He; Rong-Hui Xia; Xiang-Zhen Yan

doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02935-x

A large-cohort study of 2971 cases of epulis: focusing on risk factors associated with recurrence

BMC Oral Health. 2023 Apr 20;23(1):229. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02935-x.

Authors

Na Zhao^#¹, Yelidana Yesibulati^#¹, Pareyida Xiayizhati^#¹, Yi-Ning He², Rong-Hui Xia³, Xiang-Zhen Yan⁴

Affiliations

¹ Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
² Biostatistics Office of Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China.
³ Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China. xrh335@163.com.
⁴ Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Yanchang Road 399, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China. xiangzhenyan03@163.com.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: To analyze the clinicopathological features of different histological subtypes of epulis, and evaluate the risk factors associated with recurrence.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study including 2971 patients was performed. The patients' sex, age, location, size, histological subtypes, recurrence information, oral hygiene habits, periodontitis symptoms and smoking history were retrieved from the patient medical records and follow-up information.

Results: Among the 2971 cases, focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) was the most common lesion (60.92%), followed by peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) (29.32%), pyogenic granuloma (PG) (8.08%) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) (1.68%). The peak incidence of epulis was in the third and fourth decade of life, with a mean age of 45.55 years. Female predominance was found in all types of lesions with a female to male ratio of 1.71:1. PG had the highest recurrence rate (17.18%), followed by POF (12.98%), FFH (9.55%) and PGCG (8.82%). Histological subtypes were significantly correlated with the recurrence of epulis (P = 0.013). Regular supportive periodontal therapy (P = 0.050) had a negative correlation with recurrence, whereas symptoms of periodontitis (P < 0.001) had a positive correlation with the recurrence of epulis.

Conclusions: Controlling the periodontal inflammation and regular supportive periodontal therapy might help reduce the recurrence of epulis.

Keywords: Clinicopathological features; Epulis; Histological subtypes; Recurrence; Risk factors.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Calcinosis*
Cohort Studies
Female
Fibroma, Ossifying* / diagnosis
Fibroma, Ossifying* / epidemiology
Fibroma, Ossifying* / pathology
Gingival Diseases* / epidemiology
Gingival Neoplasms* / pathology
Granuloma, Giant Cell* / epidemiology
Granuloma, Giant Cell* / pathology
Granuloma, Pyogenic* / epidemiology
Granuloma, Pyogenic* / pathology
Humans
Hyperplasia
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors