Clarifying the variations of sap flow rate of spring maize in the typical mollisol area and its main control factors is of great significance to explore water consumption from transpiration and regulate field water management. In this study, we installed the wrapped sap flow sensors and TDR probes to continuously monitor the sap flow rate of spring maize during filling-maturity stage and soil water and heat conditions of topsoil. In combination with meteorological data collecting from a nearby automatic weather station, we analyzed the correlation between the sap flow rate of spring maize and environmental factors at different time scales. The results showed that the sap flow rate of spring maize in typical mollisol area had an obvious fluctuation of high diurnal and low nighttime. The instantaneous sap flow rate peaked at daytime, with a value of 139.9 g·h-1, but being weak at nighttime. The starting time, closing time, and peak values of spring maize sap flow were significantly inhibited in cloudy and rainy days, compared with that in sunny days. On hourly scale, the sap flow rate was significantly correlated to solar radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. On daily scale, only solar radiation, VPD, and relative humidity were significantly correlated with sap flow rate, with the absolute values of correlation coefficient being all above 0.7. Due to high soil water content during the observation period, the sap flow rate was not significantly correlated with soil water content and soil temperature of 0-20 cm layer, with the absolute values of correlation coefficient being less than 0.1. Under the condition without water stress, solar radiation, VPD, and relative humidity were the top three influencing factors of sap flow rate in this region, on both hourly scale and daily scale.
明确典型黑土区春玉米茎流变化规律,探究影响春玉米茎流速率的主控因素,对深入了解该区域春玉米蒸腾耗水特性以及调控田间水分管理具有重要参考价值。本研究采用包裹式茎流计和TDR探针对典型黑土区春玉米灌浆期至成熟期茎流速率及耕层土壤水热状况进行连续监测,并结合试验区自动气象站同步采集数据,分析不同时间尺度下茎流速率与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明: 典型黑土区春玉米茎流速率具有明显的昼高夜低变化特征,白天瞬时茎流速率峰值最高可达139.9 g·h-1,夜间仍有微弱茎流。与晴天相比,阴天、雨天条件下春玉米茎流启动、结束时间以及峰值均受到显著抑制。小时尺度下,太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差、相对湿度、空气温度和风速均与茎流速率呈极显著相关;日尺度下,仅太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差和相对湿度与茎流速率呈极显著相关,相关系数绝对值在0.7以上。由于观测期内土壤含水量较高,本研究中耕层水热状况与茎流速率相关性不高(绝对值均小于0.1)。无水分胁迫条件下,无论小时尺度还是日尺度,太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差以及相对湿度始终是该区域影响春玉米茎流速率的3个主要因素。.
Keywords: meteorological factor; sap flow rate; soil water content; transpiration; typical mollisol area.