Real-life data of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide treatment in post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Poland

Dawid Sigorski; Michał Wilk; Angelika Gawlik-Urban; Agata Sałek-Zań; Joanna Kiszka; Mateusz Malik; Katarzyna Czerko; Kamil Kuć; Cezary Szczylik; Tomasz Kubiatowski; Bożena Cybulska-Stopa; Emilia Filipczyk-Cisarż; Lubomir Bodnar; Iwona Skoneczna

doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1108937

Real-life data of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide treatment in post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Poland

Front Oncol. 2023 Apr 3:13:1108937. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108937. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Dawid Sigorski^{1

2}, Michał Wilk³, Angelika Gawlik-Urban^{4

5}, Agata Sałek-Zań⁴, Joanna Kiszka⁶, Mateusz Malik⁷, Katarzyna Czerko⁸, Kamil Kuć⁹, Cezary Szczylik³, Tomasz Kubiatowski^{1

2}, Bożena Cybulska-Stopa⁴, Emilia Filipczyk-Cisarż⁷, Lubomir Bodnar^{8

10}, Iwona Skoneczna^{3

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
² Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
³ Department of Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, European Health Centre, Otwock, Poland.
⁴ Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland.
⁵ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, Tarnów, Poland.
⁶ Department of Clinical Oncology, Subcarpathian Cancer Center, Brzozów, Poland.
⁷ Department of Clinical Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Centre, Wroclaw, Poland.
⁸ Department of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, St. John Paul II Mazovia Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland.
⁹ Department of Oncology, St. Pio's Provincial Hospital, Przemyśl, Poland.
¹⁰ Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland.
¹¹ Department of Oncology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
¹² Cancer & Cardio-Oncology Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.

Abstract

Background: Abiraterone acetate (ABI) and Enzalutamide (ENZA) are second-generation hormone drugs that show breakthrough activity in post-chemotherapy, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The leading oncological and urological guidelines indicate both drugs with the same strong recommendation. There is a lack of randomized trials which compare the efficacy of ABI and ENZA. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the drugs with an analysis of prognostic factors related to those drugs.

Patients and methods: The study included 420 patients with docetaxel (DXL) pretreated mCRPC from seven Polish cancer centers. Patients were treated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Polish national drug program (1000 mg ABI and 10 mg prednisone, n=76.2%; ENZA, 160 mg; n=23.8%). The study retrospectively analyzed the overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), PSA 50% decline rate (PSA 50%) and selected clinic-pathological data.

Results: In the study group, the median OS was 17 months (95% CI: 15.6-18.3). The median OS (26.1 vs. 15.7 mo.; p<0.001), TTF (14.2 vs. 7.6 mo.; p<0.001) and PSA 50% (87.5 vs. 56%; p<0.001) were higher in ENZA than in ABI treatment. Multivariate analysis shows that ENZA treatment and PSA nadir <17.35 ng/mL during or after DXL treatment were related to longer TTF. ENZA treatment, DXL dose ≥750 mg, PSA nadir <17.35 ng/mL during or after DXL treatment was related to longer OS.

Conclusions: ENZA treatment may be related to more favorable oncological outcomes than ABI treatment in the studied Polish population of patients. A 50% decline in PSA is an indicator of longer TTF and OS. Due to the non-randomized and retrospective nature of the analysis, the current results require prospective validation.

Keywords: abiraterone acetate; enzalutamide; metastatic prostate cancer; real-word study; targeted therapy.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, and the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów.