Nucleic acid detection is widely used in pathogen screening and detection due to its high sensitivity and specificity. With the increase of detection requirements and the development of amplification technology, nucleic acid detection methods are gradually developing towards simple, fast and low-cost. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), as the "gold standard" for nucleic acid detection, relies on expensive equipment and professional operators, which is not suitable for rapid on-site detection of pathogens. The visual detection method without relying on excitation light source or complex equipment can present the detection results in a more intuitive and portable way after combining with rapid and efficient amplification technology, which has the potential of point-of-care testing (POCT). This paper focuses on the reported application of amplification technology and CRISPR/Cas technology in visual detection and compares their advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide reference for POCT strategy based on pathogen nucleic acid.
核酸检测因灵敏度高、特异性强而被广泛应用于病原体筛查与检测。随着检测需求的增加和扩增技术的发展，核酸检测方法逐渐向简单、快速、低成本方向发展。作为核酸检测“金标准”的实时荧光定量PCR法依赖昂贵的荧光读取设备和专业的操作人员，并不适用于病原体的现场快速检测。可视化检测方法无需依赖激发光源或复杂的设备，将可视化检测方法与快速、高效的扩增技术结合，能够以更直观、便携的方式呈现检测结果，具有即时检测(point-of-care testing，POCT)的潜力。本文对与扩增技术、CRISPR/Cas技术结合的可视化分析在病原体核酸快速检测中的应用及优缺点展开综述，以期为基于病原体核酸的POCT策略提供参考。.
Keywords: CRISPR/Cas system; isothermal amplification; pathogen detection; point-of-care testing; visual detection.