Contamination characteristics and source analysis of potentially toxic elements in dustfall-soil-crop systems near non-ferrous mining areas of Yunnan, southwestern China

Ying Luo; Zhe Wang; Zhen-Long Zhang; Jia-Qian Zhang; Qiu-Ping Zeng; Duan Tian; Chao Li; Feng-Yu Huang; Shu Chen; Li Chen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163575

Contamination characteristics and source analysis of potentially toxic elements in dustfall-soil-crop systems near non-ferrous mining areas of Yunnan, southwestern China

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 15:882:163575. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163575. Epub 2023 Apr 17.

Authors

Ying Luo¹, Zhe Wang², Zhen-Long Zhang¹, Jia-Qian Zhang¹, Qiu-Ping Zeng¹, Duan Tian¹, Chao Li¹, Feng-Yu Huang³, Shu Chen¹, Li Chen⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
² College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China. Electronic address: wz2004@126.com.
³ School of Environment and Resources, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, China.
⁴ College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

PMID: 37075998
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163575

Abstract

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the dustfall-soil-crop system pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and agricultural production. However, there is still a knowledge gap in terms of better understanding the distinctive sources of PTEs by integrating various models and technologies. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the concentrations, distribution, and sources of seven PTEs in a dustfall-soil-crop system (424 samples in total) near a typical non-ferrous mining area, using absolute principal component score/multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopy techniques. Our results showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soils were 211, 14, 105, 91, 65, 232, and 325 mg/kg, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the background soil values in Yunnan. Except for Ni and Cr, all elements in the soil were significantly higher than the screening values of agricultural lands in China. The spatial distribution of PTE concentrations was similar among the three media. The ACPS/MLR, XRD, and microscopy analyses further indicated that soil PTEs mainly originated from industrial activities (37 %), vehicle emissions and agricultural activities (29 %), respectively. Dustfall PTEs mainly originated from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, accounting for 40 % and 37 %, respectively. Crop PTEs mainly originated from vehicle emissions and soil (57 %), and agricultural activities (11 %), respectively. PTEs seriously threaten the safety of agricultural products and the ecological environment once they settle from the atmosphere to soil and crop leaves, further accumulate in crops, and spread through the food chain. Therefore, our study provides scientific evidence for government regulators to control PTE pollution and reduce their environmental risks in dustfall-soil-crop systems.

Keywords: APCS/MLR; Dustfall-soil-crop system; Microscopy; Potentially toxic elements; Source apportionment; XRD.

MeSH terms

China
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Metals, Heavy* / analysis
Risk Assessment
Soil
Soil Pollutants* / analysis
Vehicle Emissions / analysis

Substances

Soil
Metals, Heavy
Vehicle Emissions
Soil Pollutants