Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method

Abstract

Congenital vertical talus is a rare foot deformity. The hindfoot is valgus and equinus, the midfoot is dorsiflexed and forefoot is abducted due to a fixed dorsal dislocation of the navicular on the head of the talus and the cuboid on the anterior part of the calcaneus. The epidemiology and etiology of vertical talus is unknown. Dobbs et al. (J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(6):1192-200, 2006) described a minimally invasive alternative which allowed to avoid the need for extensive soft tissue release procedures in treatment of congenital vertical talus. Eleven congenital vertical talus feet (group 5 according to Hamanishi) in eight children (four boys and four girls) constituted the study material. Upon the diagnosis, the patients' age ranged from 5 to 26 months old (the mean - 14.6). The treatment involved serial manipulation and casting according to the reverse Ponseti method (from 4 to 7 casts) followed by a minimally invasive approach consisting in temporary stabilization of the talonavicular joint with the use of K-wire and Achilles tenotomy according to the Dobbs technique. Then patients continued the shoe and bar program for 2 years. The X-ray measurements on lateral radiographic included the talocalcaneal angle, tibiotalar angle and talar axis-first metatarsal base angle whereas AP radiographic images-the talocalcaneal angle and talar axis-first metatarsal angle. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare dependent variables. The final clinical assessment made during the last follow-up (the mean: 35.8 months, the range: 25-52) revealed that neutral position of the foot and normal range of motion were observed in ten cases and recurrence of foot deformity in one case. The last X-ray examination showed normalization all of radiological parameters, except for one case, and examined parameters were statistically significant. The minimally invasive technique described by Dobbs should be the first option in treatment of congenital vertical talus. It allows to reduce the talonavicular joint, brings good results and preserves foot mobility. The attention should be put on early diagnosis.

Keywords: Congenital; Dobb’s; Foot; Forefoot; Talus; Verticalis.