The essential roles of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis

Xinyi Cai; Hui Wang; Yingli Han; He Huang; Pengxu Qian

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1176416

The essential roles of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis

Front Mol Biosci. 2023 Mar 31:10:1176416. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1176416. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xinyi Cai^{1

2

3}, Hui Wang^{1

2

3}, Yingli Han^{1

2

3}, He Huang^{2

3

4}, Pengxu Qian^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
² Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
³ Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) developing from mesoderm during embryogenesis are important for the blood circulatory system and immune system. Many factors such as genetic factors, chemical exposure, physical radiation, and viral infection, can lead to the dysfunction of HSCs. Hematological malignancies (involving leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) were diagnosed in more than 1.3 million people globally in 2021, taking up 7% of total newly-diagnosed cancer patients. Although many treatments like chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and stem cell transplantation have been applied in clinical therapeutics, the average 5-year survival rate for leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma is about 65%, 72%, and 54% respectively. Small non-coding RNAs play key roles in a variety of biological processes, including cell division and proliferation, immunological response and cell death. With the development of technologies in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, there is emerging research about modifications on small non-coding RNAs, as well as their functions in hematopoiesis and related diseases. In this study, we summarize the updated information of small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, which sheds lights into the future application of HSCs into the treatment of blood diseases.

Keywords: RNA modification; epigenetic; hematological malignances; hematopoietic stem cell; small non-coding RNAs.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the grants from the National Key R&D Program of China, Stem Cell and Translation Research (2022YFA1103500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222003, 92268117, 31900815, 82161138028), the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang (2020R01006).