Construction of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Layer for Stable Na Metal Anode Operated under Wide Temperatures

Xiang Lv; Fang Tang; Shitan Xu; Yu Yao; Zishun Yuan; Lin Liu; Shengnan He; Yaxiong Yang; Wenping Sun; Hongge Pan; Xianhong Rui; Yan Yu

doi:10.1002/smll.202300215

Construction of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Layer for Stable Na Metal Anode Operated under Wide Temperatures

Small. 2023 Jul;19(30):e2300215. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300215. Epub 2023 Apr 14.

Authors

Xiang Lv¹, Fang Tang¹, Shitan Xu¹, Yu Yao², Zishun Yuan³, Lin Liu¹, Shengnan He⁴, Yaxiong Yang⁴, Wenping Sun⁵, Hongge Pan^{4

5}, Xianhong Rui¹, Yan Yu²

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
² Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
³ School of Fashion Design and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
⁴ Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
⁵ School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.

PMID: 37058082
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300215

Abstract

Sodium metal battery is supposed to be a propitious technology for high-energy storage application owing to the advantages of natural abundance and low cost. Unfortunately, the uncontrollable dendrite growth critically hampers its practical implementation. Herein, an inorganic/organic hybrid layer of NaF/CF/CC on the surface of Na foil (IOHL-Na) is designed and synthesized through the in situ reaction of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and metallic sodium. This protective layer possesses satisfactory Young's modulus, good kinetic property, and sodiophilicity, which can distinctly stabilize Na metal anode. As a result, the symmetric IOHL-Na cell achieves a lifespan of 770 h at 1 mAh cm^-2 /1 mA cm^-2 in carbonate electrolyte. The assembled full battery of IOHL-Na||Na₃ V₂ (PO₄ )₃ delivers a high discharge capacity of 85 mAh g^-1 at 10 C after 600 cycles under ambient temperature. Furthermore, the IOHL-Na||Na₃ V₂ (PO₄ )₃ cell still can steadily operate at 10 C for 600 cycles at 55 °C. And when testing at an ultralow temperature of -40 °C, the full cell achieves 40 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 C with a prolonged lifespan of 450 cycles. This work offers a new approach to protect the metal sodium anode without dendrite growth under wide temperatures.

Keywords: artificial interphase layers; dendrite-free morphology; inorganic/organic hybrid layers; sodium metal anodes; wide-temperature performances.

Abstract

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