Introduction and importance: Myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature elements of fatty and hematopoietic tissues. In addition to its low incidence, myelolipoma in kidney transplant patients is much rarer, with only a few cases of this entity reported in the literature.
Case presentation: A 37-year-old diabetic patient was admitted to the hospital due to severe left abdominal pain and elevated creatinine levels of 4.4 mg/dl. The patient has a history of two kidney transplantations. The patient was investigated with different modalities of imaging, which revealed a mass adjacent to the renal graft that was suspicious for malignancy. Histopathological assessment of the resected lesion showed findings consistent with myelolipoma.
Clinical discussion: Although it's uncommon, myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any renal or extra-renal lesion in kidney transplant patients, including those with a history of graft rejection as in our patient.
Conclusion: In light of the rarity of the lesions, we affirm the significance of the clinicians' reporting such cases that they encounter in order to better understand the disease's biological behavior.
Keywords: Case report; Kidney transplantation; Myelolipoma.
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