Risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Wassie Molla; Asres Zegeye; Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen; Tsegaw Fentie; Adugna Berju; Seleshe Nigatu; Ambaye Kenubih; Belete Haile; Wudu Temesgen Jemberu

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105909

Risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Prev Vet Med. 2023 Jun:215:105909. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105909. Epub 2023 Mar 28.

Authors

Wassie Molla¹, Asres Zegeye², Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen³, Tsegaw Fentie³, Adugna Berju³, Seleshe Nigatu³, Ambaye Kenubih³, Belete Haile³, Wudu Temesgen Jemberu³

Affiliations

¹ University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: Mollawassie@yahoo.com.
² Sirinka Agricultural research center, Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Woldia, Ethiopia.
³ University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.

PMID: 37043886
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105909

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a serious contagious disease of goats, sheep and wild ruminants caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae. The disease is known for its high mortality, morbidity and economic losses. A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling technique was conducted in Amhara region from January 2019 to July 2019 to estimate seroprevalence and identify risk factors of CCPP occurrence in the region. A total of 2080 goats from 61 villages and 12 districts of the region were tested for CCPP serostatus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors of CCPP seropositivity at animal and flock-level. The serum sample results revealed an overall animal level seroprevalence of 5.1% (95% CI: 3.8-6.6) and flock-level prevalence of 26.0% (95% CI: 19.7-33.4). At individual animal level, presence of other health problems (OR = 45.9 (95% CI: 25.3-83.4)), age (adult age (OR = 6.2 (95% CI:3.4-11.4)) and old age (OR = 13.1 (95% CI: 6.2-27.8))), and breed type (Afar (OR= 32.3 (95% CI: 2.9-366.1)), Central highland (OR=13.7 (95% CI: 1.3-140.6)), and western highland (OR=16.2 (95% CI: 1.4-185.7))) were identified as risk factors for CCPP seropositivity. In contrast, contact with other flocks (OR = 59.9 (95% CI: 6.1-585.6)), presence of trade route (OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0-9.1)) and presence of sheep (OR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-5.7)) were flock-level risk factors for CCPP seropositivity. Generally, CCPP appears to be common among goats of Amhara region. Goat flocks dominated with older age animals; breeds of Afar, central highland, and western highland; raise with sheep; have contact with other flocks; and kept along trade routes are more at risk for CCPP. Hence, awareness creation to the producers, movement control, and regular prophylactic vaccination should be considered to control CCPP in Amhara region.

Keywords: Amhara region; Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia; Ethiopia; Goats; Risk factors; Seroprevalence.

MeSH terms

Animals
Cross-Sectional Studies
Ethiopia / epidemiology
Goat Diseases* / epidemiology
Goats
Pleuropneumonia* / veterinary
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious* / epidemiology
Pleuropneumonia, Contagious* / prevention & control
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* / veterinary
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Sheep