Balloon Trocar Is a Suitable Instrument for Retroperitoneal Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy in Gynecologic Malignant Diseases

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the surgical technique of retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy to prevent peritoneal rupture in gynecologic malignant disease. In this video, the authors describe how to use a balloon trocar to create a safe and efficient working space without peritoneal rupture.

Design: A step-by-step video demonstration of a surgical technique.

Setting: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.

Interventions: Para-aortic lymphadenectomy is a part of most gynecologic oncology procedures for primary and recurrent gynecologic malignancies. There are 2 approaches to para-aortic lymphadenectomy: transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. Although there are no significant differences between these approaches (such as in terms of the number of isolated lymph nodes or related complications), they are performed based on the operator's preference. The retroperitoneal approach is an unfamiliar surgical technique compared with usual laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery, and its disadvantages include a steeper learning curve for attaining proficiency. It is also difficult to develop the retroperitoneal space without a peritoneal rupture. In this video, we demonstrate the use of balloon trocars to create a retroperitoneal compartment. The patient was placed in the lithotomy position with the pelvis elevated at 5° to 10°. The left internal iliac approach, which is considered the standard approach, was used in this case (Fig 1). After identifying the left psoas muscles and the ureter crossing the common iliac artery, dissection of the left para-aortic lymph node was initiated (Supplemental Video 1, 2).

Conclusion: Herein, we demonstrated a successful surgical technique for retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy to prevent peritoneal ruptures.

Keywords: Laparoscopy; Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy; Surgical technique.