Spanish version of the mHealth app usability questionnaire (MAUQ) and adaptation to breastfeeding support apps

Abstract

Introduction: Mobile applications (apps) are increasingly used during pregnancy, postpartum and lactation. To ensure the utility and usability of breastfeeding support apps, they need to be evaluated using a reliable scale specific to mHealth apps and breastfeeding users.

Objective: To translate the original the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) questionnaire into Spanish and to adapt it to breastfeeding support apps environment.

Materials and methods: The questionnaire was translated by one high English proficiency translator and was back translated. The items of the questionnaire were modified for Spanish readers and for breastfeeding users. The modified questionnaire was assessed for content validity with a panel of 5 experts and 12 users and the modified kappa statistic was used to determine the interrater agreement among the raters. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed in a mobile application for breastfeeding support (LactApp) by 202 users. The structure of the questionnaire was validated using exploratory factor analysis.

Results: All items of the questionnaire were relevant, clear or comprehensible with content validity index values higher than 0.79. The modified kappa agreement for each item of the modified MAUQ (m-MAUQ) proved an excellent agreement (κ = 0.9-1.0). Factor analysis of the m-MAUQ showed four subscales. The internal consistency of the complete questionnaire was high (Cronbach α = 0.89).

Conclusions: The Spanish and modified MAUQ demonstrated high reliability and validity and it might be used to evaluate the usability, utility and acceptability of mHealth apps aiming to support lactating women.

Keywords: Breastfeeding support; Questionnaire validation; Usability; mHealth.