Analysis of patient medication compliance and quality of life of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics for T2DM management in primary healthcare in China: A mixed-methods study

Jie Xiao; Qing Wang; Shenglan Tan; Lei Chen; Bingjie Tang; Shuting Huang; Yangang Zhou; Ping Xu

doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1098207

Analysis of patient medication compliance and quality of life of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics for T2DM management in primary healthcare in China: A mixed-methods study

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Mar 24:14:1098207. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098207. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jie Xiao^{1

2}, Qing Wang^{1

2}, Shenglan Tan^{1

2}, Lei Chen^{1

2}, Bingjie Tang^{1

2}, Shuting Huang^{1

2}, Yangang Zhou^{1

2}, Ping Xu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
² Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Background: Physician-pharmacist collaboration is a well-established care mode for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in developed countries, but no study has been conducted in primary healthcare in China. This study aims to evaluate the effects of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics to manage T2DM in primary healthcare in China, and to better understand the factors influencing the implementation of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-seven patients involved in a 12-month randomized controlled trial were assigned to physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics and usual clinics, completing surveys regarding medication compliance, quality of life (QoL) and care-seeking behavior at the baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month respectively, and diabetes knowledge at baseline and 12th month. A sample of twenty-two Patients, nine physicians and twelve pharmacists participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The quantitative and qualitative data was integrated by triangulation. Results: Patients in physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics had significant improvements in medication compliance (p = 0.009), QoL (p = 0.036) and emergency visits (p = 0.003) over the 12-month. Pairwise comparison showed the medication compliance score in the intervention group had been significantly improved at 3rd month (p = 0.001), which is more rapidly than that in the control group at 9th month (p = 0.030). Factors influencing the implementation of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics were driven by five themes: pharmaceutical service, team-base care, psychological support, acceptability of care and barriers to implementation. Conclusion: Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings showed the effectiveness of physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics in patient medication compliance and QoL in primary healthcare. The qualitative study uncovered barriers in insufficient clinical experience and understaffing of pharmacist. Therefore, the professional training of the primary pharmacist team should be improved in the future. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR2000031839.

Keywords: diabetes milletus; medication compliance; pharmacist; primary healtcare; quality of life.

Grants and funding

This research is funded by the China Medical Board (CMB) grant with $80,000 scholarship (Grant No.18-292) and Hunan Provincial Health Commission (Grant No.2019158). The current research has been independently peer-reviewed by funding agencies. The sponsors provided funding and reviewed the research but had no role in study design, data collection or writing of this manuscript.