Detection of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide: A direct electrochemical approach

Thiyagarajan Natarajan; Manavalan Gopinathan; Murugan Thiruppathi; Omotayo Adeniyi; Jen-Lin Chang; Jyh-Myng Zen; Solomon Tesfalidet; Jyri-Pekka Mikkola

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100658

Detection of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide: A direct electrochemical approach

Food Chem X. 2023 Mar 22:18:100658. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100658. eCollection 2023 Jun 30.

Authors

Thiyagarajan Natarajan¹, Manavalan Gopinathan², Murugan Thiruppathi³, Omotayo Adeniyi², Jen-Lin Chang⁴, Jyh-Myng Zen⁴, Solomon Tesfalidet², Jyri-Pekka Mikkola^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
² Technical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biological Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
³ Bioanalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
⁵ Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20500, Finland.

Abstract

A single run approach for rapid detection of nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD) using electrogenerated chlorine assisted polymerization through azo bond, under acidic conditions and at a preanodized screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE*) is presented. The role of chloride containing support electrolyte in acidic medium along with oxygen functionalities/edge sites are found to be crucial for the successful oxidative polymerization and subsequent adsorption of oxidized products on the electrode surface. The SEM, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were used to characterize the polymer film formation. The system exhibited a linear range between 20 and 170 μM with a detection limit of 3 μM (S/N = 3). The method was successfully tested for the detection of DCD in dairy and water samples. Simultaneous detection of DCD in the presence of melamine has also been demonstrated.

Keywords: Dairy products; Denitrification; Dicyandiamide; Electropolymerization; Screen printed carbon electrode.