Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a real-time, minimally invasive procedure for sampling intrathoracic lymph nodes. Herein, we discuss EBUS-guided procedures, their benefits, and drawbacks in diagnosing sarcoidosis.
Areas covered: We first describe the utility of various endosonographic imaging techniques like B-mode, elastography, and doppler imaging. We then review the diagnostic yield and safety of EBUS-TBNA and compare it with the other available diagnostic modalities. Subsequently, we discuss the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA influencing the diagnostic yield. Recent advances in EBUS-guided diagnostics like EBUS-guided intranodal forceps biopsy (EBUS-IFB) and EBUS-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBMC) are reviewed. Finally, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages associated with EBUS-TBNA in sarcoidosis and provide an expert opinion on the optimal use of this procedure in patients with suspected sarcoidosis.
Expert opinion: EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive, safe procedure with a good diagnostic yield, and should be the preferred diagnostic modality for sampling intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. For optimal diagnostic yield, EBUS-TBNA should be combined with endobronchial biopsy (EBB) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Newer endosonographic techniques like EBUS-IFB and EBMC might obviate the need for EBB and TBLB due to their superior diagnostic yield.
Keywords: EBUS; Sarcoidosis; cryobiopsy; endosonography; mediastinal lymphadenopathy; tuberculosis.