Plurality of excitons in Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides and the role of the B-site metal cation

Mater Adv. 2023 Mar 7;4(7):1720-1730. doi: 10.1039/d2ma00136e. eCollection 2023 Apr 3.

Abstract

We investigate the effect of metal cation substition on the excitonic structure and dynamics in a prototypical Ruddlesden-Popper metal halide. Through an in-depth spectroscopic and theoretical analysis, we identify the presence of multiple resonances in the optical spectra of a phenethyl ammonium tin iodide, a tin-based RPMH. Based on ab initio calculations, we assign these resonances to distinct exciton series that originate from the splitting of the conduction band due to spin-orbit coupling. While the splitting energy in the tin based system is low enough to enable the observation of the higher lying exciton in the visible-range spectrum of the material, the higher splitting energy in the lead counterpart prevents the emergence of such a feature. We elucidate the critical role played by the higher lying excitonic state in the ultrafast carrier thermalization dynamics.