Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Occlusal Caries Detection by Direct Visual, Indirect Visual and Fluorescence Camera Using ICDAS II (Codes 0, 1, and 2): An In Vivo Study

Chakravarthy Dhanavel; Chandana K Sai; Padmaraj S Neelamurthy; S Vijaya Raja; S K Vigneshwari; Karuppiah Gokulapriyan; Carounanidy Usha

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2513

Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Occlusal Caries Detection by Direct Visual, Indirect Visual and Fluorescence Camera Using ICDAS II (Codes 0, 1, and 2): An In Vivo Study

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Jan-Feb;16(1):74-78. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2513.

Authors

Chakravarthy Dhanavel¹, Chandana K Sai¹, Padmaraj S Neelamurthy², S Vijaya Raja¹, S K Vigneshwari¹, Karuppiah Gokulapriyan³, Carounanidy Usha¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India.
² Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
³ Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Introduction: Early detection of carious lesions paves the way for the preservation of tooth structures by remineralization strategies. Visual examination using international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) II has been validated with the gold standard of histological classification. A fluorescence camera is yet another diagnostic aid for the early detection of carious lesions based on the autofluorescence of the enamel and dentin. This study was done to evaluate the validity of the fluorescence camera (Soprocare and Acteone) in detecting early carious lesions.

Materials and methods: A total of 690 occlusal surfaces of non-cavitated premolars and molars were examined by examiners 1 and 2, trained in the ICDAS II grading system. The photographs of the occlusal surface and the fluorescence images, which were taken using a Soprocare (Acetone) intraoral camera, were examined by examiners 3 and 4. The scoring was tabulated and correlated.

Results: The κ values for interexaminer reproducibility of indirect visual was 0.841 (good), and his fluorescence camera was 1.00, which is very good. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a higher correlation between direct visual and indirect visual for both examiners when compared to direct and fluorescence cameras. There was a positive relationship between indirect visual and fluorescence cameras for both the experimenter). The indirect visual method for the detection of carries has high sensitivity and specificity irrespective of the examiner. Examination by fluorescence camera has a low sensitivity and high specificity.

Conclusion: The specificity of the caries detection method by indirect visual examination based on ICDAS II coding that of the Soprocare fluorescence camera was consistent and reliable, whereas indirect visual examination had a high sensitivity for detecting ICDAS codes 1 and 2. Soprocare showed a very low sensitivity in detecting ICDAS code 1 and 2 lesions.

How to cite this article: Dhanavel C, Sai CK, Neelamurthy PS, et al. Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Occlusal Caries Detection by Direct Visual, Indirect Visual and Fluorescence Camera Using ICDAS II (Codes 0, 1, and 2): An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):74-78.

Keywords: Dental caries; Direct visual examination; Fluorescence camera; Incipient lesions detection; International caries detection and assessment system II.