In this paper, a joint decision tree and visual feature optimization rate control scheme for ultrahigh-definition (UHD) versatile video coding (VVC) is proposed. First, we design a new rate-distortion (R-D) model for UHD videos, and we establish a decision-tree-based multiclass classification scheme to improve the prediction accuracy of the R-D model by fully considering visual features. Second, based on the proposed R-D model, the globally optimal solution is obtained through convex optimization. Finally, we embed our algorithm into the latest VVC reference software, VTM 10.2. According to our experimental results, compared with the latest algorithm in VTM 10.2 and other state-of-the-art algorithms, our method can achieve significant bit rate reductions while maintaining a given peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or structural similarity index measure (SSIM).