Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most commonly arising endocrine conditions. The disorder gives rise to enduring damage to a number of body tissues and viscera as a result of related macrovascular and microvascular complications. In patients who are unable to maintain their nutritional status independently, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil is frequently added as a supplement to parenteral nutrition. The aim of the present research is to establish whether MCT oil has a therapeutic influence on the hepatic damage occurring in male albino rats as a result of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.
Materials and methods: 24 male albino rats were randomized into four cohorts, i.e., controls, STZ-diabetic, metformin-treated and MCT oil-treated. The rodents were fed a high-fat diet for 14 days; a low dose of intraperitoneal STZ was then administered in order to induce diabetes. The rats were subsequently treated for 4 weeks with metformin or MCT oil. Analysis included an appraisal of liver histology and biochemical indices, i.e., fasting blood glucose (FBG), hepatic enzymes and glutathione (GSH), the latter obtained from hepatic tissue homogenate.
Results: A rise in FBG and hepatic enzymes was observed, but in the STZ-diabetic cohort, hepatic GSH levels were diminished. Treatment with either metformin or MCT oil led to a decline in FBG and hepatic enzyme titers whereas GSH concentrations increased. Liver histology findings were notable amongst rodents within control, STZ-diabetic and metformin-treated groups. The majority of histological changes were resolved following therapy with MCT oil.
Conclusions: The anti-diabetic and antioxidant characteristics of MCT oil have been substantiated by this work. MCT oil led to a reversal of the hepatic histological changes seen in STZ-induced diabetes in rats.