Entamoeba histolytica induced NETosis and the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis

Mrinalini Roy; Shreya Chakraborty; Sandeep Kumar Srivastava; Sanket Kaushik; Anupam Jyoti; Vijay Kumar Srivastava

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110100

Entamoeba histolytica induced NETosis and the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis

Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May:118:110100. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110100. Epub 2023 Apr 1.

Authors

Mrinalini Roy¹, Shreya Chakraborty¹, Sandeep Kumar Srivastava², Sanket Kaushik¹, Anupam Jyoti³, Vijay Kumar Srivastava⁴

Affiliations

¹ Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India.
² Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
³ Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, India.
⁴ Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India. Electronic address: vksrivastava@jpr.amity.edu.

PMID: 37011501
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110100

Abstract

Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), a microaerophilic parasite, causes deadly enteric infections that result in Amoebiasis. Every year, the count of invasive infections reaches 50 million approximately and 40,000 to 1,00,000 deaths occurring due to amoebiasis are reported globally. Profound inflammation is the hallmark of severe amoebiasis which is facilitated by immune first defenders, neutrophils. Due to size incompatibility, neutrophils are unable to phagocytose Eh and thus, came up with the miraculous antiparasitic mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This review provides an in-depth analysis of NETosis induced by Eh including the antigens involved in the recognition of Eh and the biochemistry of NET formation. Additionally, it underscores its novelty by describing the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis where it acts as a double-edged sword in terms of both clearing and exacerbating amoebiasis. It also provides a comprehensive account of the virulence factors discovered to date that are implicated directly and indirectly in the pathophysiology of Eh infections through the lens of NETs and can be interesting drug targets.

Keywords: Eh-NETs drug targets; Entamoeba histolytica; Immunopathology; Molecular signalling; NETosis; Neutrophils; ROS.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antigens, Nuclear
Drug Delivery Systems
Entamoeba histolytica*
Entamoebiasis* / drug therapy
Entamoebiasis* / epidemiology
Entamoebiasis* / physiopathology
Extracellular Traps*
Humans
Neutrophils

Substances

Antigens, Nuclear