Aims: There are several options for treating anal incontinence (AI), with limited success rate in long-term follow-up. Patients' selection is important to avoid unnecessary investigations and therapies. The aim of this review is to assess the utility of pelvic floor investigations to predict success from conservative treatment in AI.
Methods: Baseline demographics, severity scores, and pelvic floor investigations of 490 patients with AI symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. Patient-reported outcomes were used to define success of conservative treatment.
Results: Bivariate analysis showed that gender, St Mark's incontinence score, Bowel continence and quality of life domains of International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Bowel symptoms score, Bristol stool chart, anal squeeze pressure, enterocoele, leak of contrast at rest, and dyssynergia in defecography were associated with patient's outcomes from conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only the Bowel continence score was an independent predictor of patient's success with treatment.
Conclusions: Pelvic floor investigations are of limited value to predict success of conservative treatment and they should be reserved for patients who fail noninvasive management and might require surgical intervention.
Keywords: anal incontinence; anorectal physiology; biofeedback; conservative treatment; defecography; fecal incontinence; obstructive defecation; pelvic floor; standardized questionnaires; treatment outcome.
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