Neonatal and pregnancy complications following maternal depression or antidepressant exposure: A population-based, retrospective birth cohort study

Jian-An Su; Chih-Cheng Chang; Yao-Hsu Yang; Chuan-Pin Lee; Ko-Jung Chen; Chung-Ying Lin

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103545

Neonatal and pregnancy complications following maternal depression or antidepressant exposure: A population-based, retrospective birth cohort study

Asian J Psychiatr. 2023 Jun:84:103545. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103545. Epub 2023 Mar 17.

Authors

Jian-An Su¹, Chih-Cheng Chang², Yao-Hsu Yang³, Chuan-Pin Lee⁴, Ko-Jung Chen⁴, Chung-Ying Lin⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
² Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health Psychology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
³ Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁴ Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
⁵ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cylin36933@gmail.com.

PMID: 37004384
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103545

Abstract

Objectives: Depression is common during pregnancy, and antidepressants are often prescribed for treatment. However, depression and antidepressant use both increase the risk of neonatal and pregnancy complications. To separately evaluate the effects of antidepressant use and the underlying depression on pregnancy and neonatal complications by using a robust statistical method to control for confounding by indication.

Methods: All study data were obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Pregnant women were divided into three groups: those with no depression and no antidepressant exposure(n = 1619,198), depression and no antidepressant exposure(n = 2006), and depression and antidepressant exposure(n = 7857). Antidepressant exposure was further divided into that before pregnancy and during each trimester.

Results: Mothers with depression but no antidepressant exposure exhibited increased risks of intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery, compared with mothers without depression. In mothers with depression, antidepressant exposure before pregnancy or during the first trimester conferred increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus, malpresentation, preterm delivery and cardiovascular anomalies, compared with no antidepressant exposure. Moreover, antidepressant exposure during the second or third trimester conferred increased risks of anemia, a low Apgar score, preterm delivery and genitourinary defects. However, antidepressants administered before pregnancy and during all trimesters did not increase the risk of stillbirth.

Conclusion: Depression and antidepressant treatment for depression during pregnancy may individually increase the risks of some neonatal and pregnancy complications. Physicians should thoroughly consider the risks and benefits for both the mother and fetus when treating depression during pregnancy by using antidepressants.

Keywords: Antidepressants; Complications; Depression; Pregnancy.

MeSH terms

Antidepressive Agents / adverse effects
Cohort Studies
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications* / drug therapy
Pregnancy Complications* / epidemiology
Premature Birth*
Retrospective Studies

Substances

Antidepressive Agents