Recent Advances in Carbon-Nitrogen/Carbon-Oxygen Bond Formation Under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions

Abstract

Carbon-heteroatom bond formation under transition-metal free conditions provides a powerful synthetic alternative for the efficient synthesis of valuable molecules. In particular, C-N and C-O bonds are two important types of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Thus, continuous efforts have been deployed to develop novel C-N/C-O bond formation methodologies involving various catalysts or promoters under TM-free conditions, which enables the synthesis of various functional molecules comprising C-N/C-O bonds in a facile and sustainable manner. Considering the significance of C-N/C-O bond construction in organic synthesis and materials science, this review aims to comprehensively present selected examples on the construction of C-N (including amination and amidation) and C-O (including etherification and hydroxylation) bonds without transition metals. Besides, the involved promoters/catalysts, substrate scope, potential application and possible reaction mechanisms are also systematically discussed.

Keywords: Carbon-Nitrogen Bond (C−N) Formation; Carbon-Oxygen Bond (C−O) Formation; Catalysts; Promoters; Transition-metal-free (TM-free).