Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and its Association With Body Shape Index and A Body Roundness Index Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in a Ghanaian Population

Enoch Odame Anto; Joseph Frimpong; Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu; Valentine Christian Kodzo Tsatsu Tamakloe; Charity Hughes; Benjamin Acquah; Emmanuel Acheampong; Evans Adu Asamoah; Stephen Opoku; Michael Appiah; Augustine Tawiah; Max Efui Annani-Akollor; Yaw Amo Wiafe; Otchere Addai-Mensah; Christian Obirikorang

doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2021.807201

Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and its Association With Body Shape Index and A Body Roundness Index Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in a Ghanaian Population

Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2022 Feb 9:2:807201. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.807201. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Enoch Odame Anto^{1

2}, Joseph Frimpong¹, Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu¹, Valentine Christian Kodzo Tsatsu Tamakloe¹, Charity Hughes¹, Benjamin Acquah¹, Emmanuel Acheampong^{2

3}, Evans Adu Asamoah³, Stephen Opoku¹, Michael Appiah⁴, Augustine Tawiah⁵, Max Efui Annani-Akollor³, Yaw Amo Wiafe¹, Otchere Addai-Mensah¹, Christian Obirikorang³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
² School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
³ Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
⁴ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana.
⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.

Abstract

Cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the leading cause of diabetes complications. Anthropometric indices could be used as a cheap approach to identify MetS among T2DM patients. We determined the prevalence of MetS and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric indices among T2DM patients in a tertiary hospital in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 T2DM outpatients attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) and the Kumasi South Hospital for routine check-up. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinicobiochemical markers, namely, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured. Anthropometric indices, namely, body mass index (BMI), Conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were computed based on either the Height, Weight, Waist circumference (WC) or Hip circumference (HC) of the patients. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was classified using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Data entry and analysis were done using Excel 2016 and SPSS version 25.0 respectively. Of the 241 T2DM patients, 99 (41.1%) were males whereas 144 (58.9%) were females. The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) was 42.7% with dyslipidemia and hypertension recording a prevalence of 6.6 and 36.1%, respectively. Being a female T2DM patient [aOR = 3.02, 95%CI (1.59-5.76), p = 0.001] and divorced [aOR = 4.05, 95%CI (1.22-13.43), p = 0.022] were the independent sociodemographic predictors of MetS among T2DM patients. The 4th quartile for ABSI and 2nd to 4th quartiles for BSI were associated with MetS on univariate logistic regression (p <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified the 3rd quartile (aOR = 25.15 (2.02-313.81), p = 0.012) and 4th quartile (aOR = 39.00, 95%CI (2.68-568.49), p = 0.007) for BRI as the independent predictors of MetS among T2DM. The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome is high among T2DM patients and this was influenced by female gender, being divorced, and increased BRI. Integration of BRI as part of routine assessment could be used as early indicator of cardiometabolic syndrome among T2DM patients.

Keywords: anthropometric indices; body roundness index; body shape index; cardiometabolic syndrome; prevalence; risk factors; type 2 diabetes mellitus.