Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Culture in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam During 2014-2021

Nguyen Van An; Le Huy Hoang; Hai Ha Long Le; Nguyen Thai Son; Le Thu Hong; Tien Tran Viet; Tuan Dinh Le; Ta Ba Thang; Luong Huy Vu; Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen; Kien Xuan Nguyen

doi:10.2147/IDR.S402278

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Culture in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam During 2014-2021

Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Mar 23:16:1677-1692. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S402278. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Nguyen Van An^#¹, Le Huy Hoang^#², Hai Ha Long Le^{3

4}, Nguyen Thai Son¹, Le Thu Hong¹, Tien Tran Viet⁵, Tuan Dinh Le⁶, Ta Ba Thang⁷, Luong Huy Vu^{8

9}, Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen^{9

10}, Kien Xuan Nguyen¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
² Department of Bacteriology, National of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
³ Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Parasitology, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁴ Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁶ Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁷ Respiratory Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁸ Department of Laser and Skin Care, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁹ Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁰ Department of General Planning, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹¹ Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Purpose: Studies on the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are limited in Vietnam. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of BSI and AMR of BSI-causing bacteria in Vietnam.

Methods: Data regarding blood cultures from 2014 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage test, and binomial logistic regression model.

Results: Overall, 2405 (14.15%) blood cultures were positive during the study period. In total, 55.76% of BSIs occurred in patients aged ≥60 years. The male-to-female ratio of patients with BSI was 1.87:1. Escherichia coli (26.11%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.79%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.44%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.45%) were the leading bacterial species causing BSI. The AMR rate of these bacteria isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher compared with that of those in other wards. E. coli was the least resistant to carbapenems (2.39%-4.14%), amikacin (3.85%), and colistin (11.54%) and most resistant to penicillins (>80.0%). S. aureus was the least resistant to glycopeptides (0%-3.38%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.59%), and linezolid (1.02%) and most resistant to clindamycin (71.57%). K. pneumoniae was the least resistant to ertapenem (8.86%), amikacin (9.39%), and colistin (15.38%) and most resistant to aztreonam (83.33%). A. baumannii was the least resistant to amikacin (16.67%) and colistin (16.67%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). P. aeruginosa was the least resistant to colistin (16.33%) and piperacillin (28.17%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). Notably, the multidrug resistance rate of E. coli (76.41%) was the highest among common pathogens, followed by A. baumannii (71.57%), P. aeruginosa (64.56%), S. aureus (56.99%), and K. pneumoniae (43.72%).

Conclusion: The AMR rate of BSI-causing bacteria, particularly strains isolated from ICU, was alarmingly high. There is a need for new antibiotics, therapeutic strategies, as well as prevention and control to combat BSI and AMR.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; bloodstream infection; methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus; multidrug resistance.

Grants and funding

There is no funding to report.