Elucidating the Implications of Norovirus N- and O-Glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and Phosphorylation

Chia-Chi Cheng; Guan-Ming Ke; Pei-Yu Chu; Liang-Yin Ke

doi:10.3390/v15030798

Elucidating the Implications of Norovirus N- and O-Glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and Phosphorylation

Viruses. 2023 Mar 21;15(3):798. doi: 10.3390/v15030798.

Authors

Chia-Chi Cheng¹, Guan-Ming Ke², Pei-Yu Chu¹, Liang-Yin Ke^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan.
² Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
³ Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan.
⁴ Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan.

Abstract

Norovirus is the most common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis, affecting millions of people worldwide annually. Among the ten genotypes (GI-GX) of norovirus, only GI, GII, GIV, GVIII, and GIX infect humans. Some genotypes reportedly exhibit post-translational modifications (PTMs), including N- and O-glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and phosphorylation, in their viral antigens. PTMs have been linked to increased viral genome replication, viral particle release, and virulence. Owing to breakthroughs in mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, more PTMs have been discovered in recent years and have contributed significantly to preventing and treating infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms by which PTMs act on noroviruses remain poorly understood. In this section, we outline the current knowledge of the three common types of PTM and investigate their impact on norovirus pathogenesis. Moreover, we summarize the strategies and techniques for the identification of PTMs.

Keywords: N- and O-glycosylation; O-GlcNAcylation; norovirus; phosphorylation.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Caliciviridae Infections*
Genotype
Glycosylation
Humans
Norovirus* / genetics
Phosphorylation
Phylogeny
Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Grants and funding

This research was funded by grants from the Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU-DK(A)111002 to L.-Y.K.) and the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (NSTC-111-2320-B-037-023- to L.-Y.K.).