Cranial nerve involvement in patients with immune-mediated neuropathy: An observational blink reflex study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess cranial nerve involvement in a large adult cohort of patients with immune-mediated neuropathy undergoing immunoglobulin treatment by measuring blink reflex R1 latency prolongation in correlation with clinical findings and nerve conduction studies.

Methods: 104 patients underwent blink reflex examination and ulnar nerve conduction studies and were assessed by the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment disability score, the revised Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) and focused clinical examination.

Results: Prolonged R1 latencies were identified in 23 of 104 patients (22.1 %). These patients had more severe functional impairments according to the ALSFRS-R, yet only five clinically presented with bulbar dysfunction, facial- or trigeminal nerve impairment. Overall R1 latency was inversely correlated to ulnar motor conduction velocity. In preliminary follow-up assessments under continuous immunoglobulin treatment, prolonged R1 latencies partially improved.

Conclusions: Cranial nerve involvement is a common feature in immune-mediated neuropathies and is associated with a more severe disease stage. Here, R1 prolongation was detected less frequently compared to previously reported untreated cohorts.

Significance: Blink reflex studies can detect subclinical cranial nerve involvement in immune-mediated neuropathies. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of measuring R1 latency.

Keywords: Blink reflex; Cranial nerve Involvement; Immune-mediated neuropathies; Immunoglobulin; Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment; Nerve Conduction Studies.