A Multiaxial Fracture of Ecoflex Skin with Different Shore Hardness for Morphing Wing Application

Dilshad Ahmad; Rafic M Ajaj

doi:10.3390/polym15061526

A Multiaxial Fracture of Ecoflex Skin with Different Shore Hardness for Morphing Wing Application

Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 20;15(6):1526. doi: 10.3390/polym15061526.

Authors

Dilshad Ahmad¹, Rafic M Ajaj^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
² Advanced Research and Innovation Center (ARIC), Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.

Abstract

The use of elastomer-based skins in morphing wings has become increasingly popular due to their remarkable stretchability and mechanical properties. However, the possibility of the skin fracturing during multiaxial stretching remains a significant design challenge. The propagation of cracks originating from flaws or notches in the skin can lead to the specimen breaking into two parts. This paper presents an experimental study aimed at comprehensively evaluating crack propagation direction, stretchability, and fracture toughness of silicone-based elastomeric skin (Ecoflex) for morphing wing applications, using varying Shore hardness values (10, 30, and 50). The findings show that the lower Shore hardness value of 10 exhibits a unique Sideways crack propagation characteristic, which is ideal for morphing skins due to its high stretchability, low actuation load, and high fracture toughness. The study also reveals that the Ecoflex 10 is suitable for use in span morphing, with a fracture toughness of approximately 1.1 kJ/m2 for all thicknesses at a slower strain rate of 0.4 mm/min. Overall, this work highlights the superior properties of Ecoflex 10 and its potential use as a morphing skin material, offering a groundbreaking solution to the challenges faced in this field.

Keywords: crack propagation; ecoflex; fracture; morphing skin; morphing wing.

Grants and funding

The authors express their gratitude to the Abu Dhabi Education Council Award for Research Excellence Program (AARE 2019) for providing funding for this work, under grant number AARE19-213. The authors conducted their experiments at ARIC, Khalifa University. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Andreas Schiffer from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Khalifa University for his assistance in providing access to the Uniaxial Testing Machine.