Effect of Gd3+, La3+, Lu3+ Co-Doping on the Morphology and Luminescent Properties of NaYF4:Sm3+ Phosphors

Abstract

The series of luminescent NaYF₄:Sm³⁺ nano- and microcrystalline materials co-doped by La³⁺, Gd³⁺, and Lu³⁺ ions were synthesized by hydrothermal method using rare earth chlorides as the precursors and citric acid as a stabilizing agent. The phase composition of synthesized compounds was studied by PXRD. All synthesized materials except ones with high La³⁺ content (where LaF₃ is formed) have a β-NaYF₄ crystalline phase. SEM images demonstrate that all particles have shape of hexagonal prisms. The type and content of doping REE significantly effect on the particle size. Upon 400 nm excitation, phosphors exhibit distinct emission peaks in visible part of the spectrum attributed to ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_J transitions (J = 5/2-11/2) of Sm³⁺ ion. Increasing the samarium (III) content results in concentration quenching by dipole-dipole interactions, the optimum Sm³⁺concentration is found to be of 2%. Co-doping by non-luminescent La³⁺, Gd³⁺ and Lu³⁺ ions leads to an increase in emission intensity. This effect was explained from the Sm³⁺ local symmetry point of view.

Keywords: co-doping; hydrothermal synthesis; luminescence; microcrystals; nanocrystals; rare earth; samarium.