Host-mediated RNA editing in viruses

Tongtong Zhu; Guangyi Niu; Yuansheng Zhang; Ming Chen; Chuan-Yun Li; Lili Hao; Zhang Zhang

doi:10.1186/s13062-023-00366-w

Host-mediated RNA editing in viruses

Biol Direct. 2023 Mar 28;18(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13062-023-00366-w.

Authors

Tongtong Zhu^{1

2

3}, Guangyi Niu^{1

2

3}, Yuansheng Zhang^{1

2

3}, Ming Chen^{1

2

3}, Chuan-Yun Li⁴, Lili Hao^{5

6}, Zhang Zhang^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
² China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
⁴ Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomic Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
⁵ National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. haolili@big.ac.cn.
⁶ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China. haolili@big.ac.cn.
⁷ National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. zhangzhang@big.ac.cn.
⁸ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China. zhangzhang@big.ac.cn.
⁹ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. zhangzhang@big.ac.cn.

Abstract

Viruses rely on hosts for life and reproduction, cause a variety of symptoms from common cold to AIDS to COVID-19 and provoke public health threats claiming millions of lives around the globe. RNA editing, as a crucial co-/post-transcriptional modification inducing nucleotide alterations on both endogenous and exogenous RNA sequences, exerts significant influences on virus replication, protein synthesis, infectivity and toxicity. Hitherto, a number of host-mediated RNA editing sites have been identified in diverse viruses, yet lacking a full picture of RNA editing-associated mechanisms and effects in different classes of viruses. Here we synthesize the current knowledge of host-mediated RNA editing in a variety of viruses by considering two enzyme families, viz., ADARs and APOBECs, thereby presenting a landscape of diverse editing mechanisms and effects between viruses and hosts. In the ongoing pandemic, our study promises to provide potentially valuable insights for better understanding host-mediated RNA editing on ever-reported and newly-emerging viruses.

Keywords: Antiviral; Deamination; Proviral; RNA editing; Virus.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

COVID-19*
Humans
RNA Editing
Viruses* / genetics