The connection between byproducts of digestion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and neurocognitive disorders is an expanding area of research that has implications for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Needham et al. (Needham et al. Nature 602: 647-653, 2022) revealed that mice with elevated levels of 4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS), a GI tract-derived metabolite previously found at increased levels in the plasma of individuals with ASD, had altered brain activity, anxiety-influenced behavior, and reduced myelination of neuronal axons. This is a monumental step forward in the study of gut-derived neuroactive compounds, like 4EPS, and advances the understanding of their role in modulating behavior and brain activity in neurocognitive disorders.
Keywords: anxiety; autism; bacterial product; behavior; gut.