Prognostic Value of KRAS Exon-specific Mutations in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background/aim: The clinical significance of many RAS-family mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of RAS mutations on an exon basis (i.e., mutations in KRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 and in NRAS) with clinicopathological features and prognosis in CRC.

Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of the medical records and frozen tissue samples of 268 consecutive patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative resection at a single institution between 2014 and 2018.

Results: The RAS mutation rate was significantly associated with age and histology. Patients with KRAS exon 2 mutations exhibited shorter recurrence-free survival compared to those with KRAS wild-type, KRAS exon 3 mutations, KRAS exon 4 mutations, and NRAS mutations (73.0% vs. 85.5%, 86.7%, 85.7%; p=0.031). Age and histology were independent risk factors for RAS mutations. RAS mutations were independent prognostic factors with respect to recurrence-free survival in patients with stage I-III CRC.

Conclusion: In stage I-III CRC patients, KRAS exon 2 mutations had the worst prognosis, whereas KRAS wild type, exon 3 mutations, exon 4 mutations, and NRAS mutations had better prognoses.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; KRAS; NRAS; exon-specific mutations.