The role of long non-coding RNAs in carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver

Valentin Kudriashov; Albert Sufianov; Andrey Mashkin; Aferin Beilerli; Tatiana Ilyasova; Yanchao Liang; Sergey Lyulin; Ozal Beylerli

doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.03.003

The role of long non-coding RNAs in carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver

Noncoding RNA Res. 2023 Mar 14;8(3):294-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.03.003. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Valentin Kudriashov¹, Albert Sufianov^{2

3}, Andrey Mashkin², Aferin Beilerli⁴, Tatiana Ilyasova⁵, Yanchao Liang⁶, Sergey Lyulin⁷, Ozal Beylerli²

Affiliations

¹ Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
² Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia.
⁵ Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia.
⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
⁷ Carmel Medical Center, Chelyabinsk, Russia.

Abstract

The metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids (fat) in the liver is closely interconnected both in physiological conditions and in pathology. This relationship in the body is possible due to the regulation by many factors, including epigenetic ones. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs are considered to be the main epigenetic factors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refers to ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that do not code for a protein. They cover a huge number of RNA classes and perform a wide range of biological functions such as regulating gene expression, protecting the genome from exogenous DNA, and directing DNA synthesis. One such class of ncRNAs that has been extensively studied are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The important role of lncRNAs in the formation and maintenance of normal homeostasis of biological systems, as well as participation in many pathological processes, has been proven. The results of recent studies indicate the importance of lncRNAs in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Modifications of lncRNAs expression can lead to disruption of biological processes in tissues, including fat and protein, such as adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Further study of lncRNAs made it possible to partly determine the regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation of an imbalance in carbohydrate and fat metabolism individually and in their relationship, and the degree of interaction between different types of cells involved in this process. This review will focus on the function of lncRNAs and its relation to hepatic carbohydrate and fat metabolism and related diseases in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and prospects for studies with lncRNAs.

Keywords: Carbohydrate metabolism; Fat metabolism; Liver; Signal pathways; lncRNAs.

Publication types

Review