Biomarkers for the severity of periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea:IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-33

Mayra A Téllez Corral; Eddy Herrera Daza; Natalia Arango Jimenez; Darena Z Morales Vera; Juliana Velosa Porras; Catalina Latorre Uriza; Francina M Escobar Arregoces; Patricia Hidalgo Martinez; María E Cortés; Liliana Otero; Claudia M Parra Giraldo; Nelly S Roa Molina

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14340

Biomarkers for the severity of periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea:IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-33

Heliyon. 2023 Mar 14;9(3):e14340. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14340. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Mayra A Téllez Corral^{1

2

3}, Eddy Herrera Daza⁴, Natalia Arango Jimenez⁵, Darena Z Morales Vera⁵, Juliana Velosa Porras¹, Catalina Latorre Uriza^{1

5}, Francina M Escobar Arregoces^{1

5}, Patricia Hidalgo Martinez⁶, María E Cortés², Liliana Otero¹, Claudia M Parra Giraldo³, Nelly S Roa Molina¹

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
² Faculty of Dentistry and Innovation Technology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Human Proteomics and Mycoses Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
⁴ Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
⁵ Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
⁶ Sleep Clinic, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio and Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to compare the salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of five cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-33, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with OSA and their association with periodontitis.

Methods: Samples of saliva and GCF were obtained from 84 patients classified into four groups according to periodontal and OSA diagnosis: G1(H) healthy patients, G2(P) periodontitis and non-OSA patients, G3(OSA) OSA and non-periodontitis patients, and G4(P-OSA) periodontitis and OSA patients. The cytokines in the samples were quantified using multiplexed bead immunoassays. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's multiple comparisons test, and the Spearman correlation test.

Results: Stage III periodontitis was the highest in patients with severe OSA (69%; p=0.0142). Similar levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in saliva were noted in G2(P) and G4(P-OSA). The IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 levels were higher in the GCF of G4(P-OSA). There was a significant positive correlation between IL-33 in saliva and stage IV periodontitis in G4(P-OSA) (r _s = 0.531). The cytokine profile of the patients in G4(P-OSA) with Candida spp. had an increase of the cytokine's levels compared to patients who did not have the yeast.

Conclusions: OSA may increase the risk of developing periodontitis due to increase of IL-1β and IL-6 in saliva and IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 in GCF that share the activation of the osteoclastogenesis. Those cytokines may be considered as biomarkers of OSA and periodontitis.

Keywords: Cytokines; Gingival crevicular fluid; Obstructive sleep apnea; Periodontitis; Saliva.