Choline supplements: An update

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 7:14:1148166. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.

Keywords: GPC; choline; choline alfoscerate; choline bitartrate; choline supplementation; cognitive dysfunction; lecithin; supplements.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholine
  • Choline* / pharmacology
  • Cytidine Diphosphate Choline
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Glycerylphosphorylcholine* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Choline
  • Glycerylphosphorylcholine
  • Acetylcholine
  • Cytidine Diphosphate Choline