Lenticonus

Excerpt

Lenticonus is an ocular morphological pathology in which there is abnormal conical protrusion and bulge of the lens capsule due to thinning of the lens capsule. The protrusion on the anterior lens capsule is called anterior lenticonus, and the protrusion on the posterior capsule is called posterior lenticonus. Both anterior and posterior lenticonus can also coexist in the general patient population. The diameter of the conical protrusion is usually between 2 to 7 mm. Alport syndrome was initially described in 1972 as acute hemorrhagic nephritis with deafness. It is a rare genetic disorder characterized by glomerulonephritis, hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss.

Anterior lenticonus is associated with Alport syndrome, and posterior lenticonus occurs in Lowe syndrome, although most reports suggest it is not linked to any systemic disease. The most common differential of lenticonus is lentiglobus, where the lens has a global spherical protuberance.

Lenticonus patients present with myopia and astigmatism. The other common findings in Alport syndrome are arcus juvenilis, cataract, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and dot and flecked retinopathy. There management options for a lenticonus can be spectacles, contact lenses, lens aspiration, IOL implantation along with anterior vitrectomy.